kolmas
Lemma: kolmas
Translation: third (ordinal number)
Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *kolmas, derived from the cardinal number 'kolme' (three) with the ordinal suffix -s. The root traces back to Proto-Uralic *kolme, cognate with Estonian 'kolmas' and Hungarian 'harmadik' (though Hungarian shows different development). The ordinal formation pattern with -s is distinctly Finnic, contrasting with English 'third' which comes from Old English 'þridda' and shows the irregular Germanic pattern of ordinal formation.
Mnemonics
- Think 'kolme' (three) + 's' = 'kolmas' (third)
- Remember the pattern: yksi→ensimmäinen, kaksi→toinen, kolme→kolmas
Antonyms
Example Wordforms
Cultural Context
Used in all contexts where ordinal numbers are needed - dates, rankings, sequences. Particularly common in expressions like 'kolmas kerros' (third floor) and 'kolmas luokka' (third grade/class).
Easily Confused With
Explanation: kolme is the cardinal number 'three' while kolmas is the ordinal 'third'
Confused word:
Minulla on kolme autoa.
I have three cars.
Notes: This is the classic cardinal vs ordinal distinction that exists in most languages
Mnemonic: kolme = counting (three things), kolmas = ordering (third in sequence)